Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties Analysis

# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties Analysis

Sanitary pads are essential hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials used in their production is crucial for ensuring quality, comfort, and safety. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary raw materials used in sanitary pads.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of a sanitary pad, responsible for absorbing and retaining menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a combination of the following materials:

– **Wood Pulp**: A natural, biodegradable material that provides excellent absorbency. It is often blended with superabsorbent polymers (SAP) to enhance its capacity.
– **Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP)**: These synthetic materials can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to their own mass. SAPs are crucial for preventing leakage and ensuring long-lasting dryness.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It must be soft, comfortable, and allow for quick liquid penetration. Common materials include:

– **Nonwoven Fabrics**: Made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene or polyethylene, nonwoven fabrics are lightweight, breathable, and soft. They are designed to wick moisture away from the skin, keeping the user dry.
– **Perforated Films**: Some pads use perforated plastic films as the top sheet. These films are designed to allow liquid to pass through quickly while preventing it from flowing back to the surface.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the sanitary pad, designed to prevent leakage and provide a barrier against external moisture. Materials used include:

– **Polyethylene (PE) Film**: A common choice due to its waterproof properties and flexibility. PE films are also lightweight and durable.
– **Breathable Microporous Films**: These films allow air to pass through while blocking liquids, enhancing comfort by reducing heat and moisture buildup.

## 4. Adhesive

Adhesives are used to secure the pad in place within the underwear. The adhesive must be strong enough to hold the pad in place but gentle enough to avoid skin irritation. Common types include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesives**: These are applied in a molten state and solidify upon cooling, providing a strong bond.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives**: These adhesives form a bond when pressure is applied, making them easy to use and reposition if necessary.

## 5. Release Paper

Release paper is used to protect the adhesive before the pad is used. It is typically made from:

– **Silicone-Coated Paper**: This type of paper is treated with silicone to prevent the adhesive from sticking to it, allowing for easy removal when the pad is ready to be used.

## Properties Analysis

The properties of the raw materials used in sanitary pads are critical for their performance. Key properties include:

– **Absorbency**: The ability to absorb and retain liquid is paramount. Materials like SAP and wood pulp are chosen for their high absorbency.
– **Softness**: The top sheet must be soft to prevent irritation and ensure comfort during use.
– **Breathability**: Breathable materials help reduce heat and moisture buildup, enhancing user comfort.
– **Flexibility**: The pad must be flexible to conform to the body’s shape, providing a secure fit.
– **Biodegradability**: With increasing environmental concerns, biodegradable materials like wood pulp are preferred to reduce the environmental impact of sanitary pads.

In conclusion, the raw materials used in sanitary pads are carefully selected to balance absorbency, comfort, and safety. Understanding these materials and their properties helps in appreciating the engineering behind this essential hygiene product.